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Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • How Can T Cell Subpopulations Be Classified from Single-Cell Sequencing Data?

  The classification of T cell subpopulations from single-cell sequencing data can be conducted through the following steps: 1. First, apply quality control to the raw single-cell sequencing data by filtering out low-quality cells and genes, and by correcting for potential noise and batch effects. 2. Next, normalize gene expression levels across cells to minimize technical variability. 3. Subsequently, perform clustering analysis to group cells based on similarities in gene expression profiles. Feature ......

• • What Are the Applications of Single-Cell Sequencing and How Does It Differ from Conventional Gene Sequencing?

  Single-cell sequencing is a recently developed high-throughput technique that enables comprehensive profiling of the genome, transcriptome, or epigenome at the level of individual cells. Its principal applications include the following: Identification and Classification of Cell Types Single-cell sequencing allows for the classification and identification of individual cells within tissues or organs, thereby uncovering the diversity and functional characteristics of distinct cell types. Elucidation of.......

• • How Can Cell Type Annotation Be Performed in Single-Cell Sequencing Without Analyzing Each Cluster Individually?

  When conducting cell type annotation in single-cell sequencing without performing individual analysis for each cluster, the following steps can be followed: Prior to single-cell sequencing, there are typically well-characterized marker genes available for identifying cell types. If such marker genes are not known, they can be identified through literature reviews or database searches.In the absence of individual cluster analysis, differential gene expression analysis can be applied to infer cell types......

• • What Is GEM and What Role Does It Play in 10x Genomics Single-Cell Sequencing?

  In 10x Genomics single-cell sequencing, GEM (Gel Bead-in-Emulsion) is a critical component, consisting of gel beads encapsulated within microdroplets (emulsions). This technology represents a core step in the workflow, enabling the isolation of individual cells and the capture of their mRNA. Each gel bead is preloaded with synthetic oligonucleotide probes, which contain a unique cell barcode, a UMI (Unique Molecular Identifier), and a poly-A tail. When a single cell and a gel bead are co-encapsulated ......

• • How Can The Content And Structure Of Plant Polysaccharides Be Determined Directly By Mass Spectrometry?

  Content Determination: The quantification of polysaccharides was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). First, polysaccharides in the sample were separated by liquid chromatography (LC). Subsequently, the separated polysaccharides entered the mass spectrometer, where the molecules were ionized to form ions. By measuring the mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of the polysaccharide ions, the concentration of polysaccharides was quantified. This quantification generally requires comparison..

• • Why Do Samples Form a Continuous Line During Protein Electrophoresis in WB

  During WB experiments, the appearance of a continuous line of the sample on the membrane is due to the accumulation of proteins during electrophoresis separation and transfer, as well as the continuous distribution of proteins. This phenomenon may affect the interpretation of experimental results, so it is essential to optimize the sample loading and electrophoresis conditions to achieve optimal protein separation and transfer efficiency on both the gel and the membrane. 1. Accumulation Effect During ......

• • Can SDS Protein Bands Be Identified Even If They Are Too Thin

  The width or visibility of protein bands does not directly determine whether protein identification is possible. The main considerations are: 1. Quantification of the Band Even if the band is excessively narrow, provided that the amount of protein is sufficient, further analysis such as identification by mass spectrometry can still be performed. 2. Background If the background signal is minimal, it may be possible to clearly distinguish the band from the background even if it is very thin. 3. Sensitivity...

• • How Do Kinase Inhibitors Perform Impressively in Chemical Proteomics

  Kinases function as central hubs in cellular signal transduction, regulating essential biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. Given the strong link between aberrant kinase activity and various conditions—including cancer, metabolic disorders, and immune dysfunction—kinase inhibitors have long served as crucial agents in precision medicine as targeted therapies. However, as research progresses, the scientific utility of kinase inhibitors has extended well beyond....

• • Revealing Protein-Ligand Interactions Using Chemical Proteomics

  Protein-ligand interactions are essential for nearly all intracellular biological processes. Ligands involved in these interactions can include small-molecule drugs, metabolites, lipids, and even metal ions. Gaining a detailed understanding of these interactions is crucial for elucidating signaling pathways, regulatory networks, and disease mechanisms. Furthermore, such insights play a vital role in drug discovery, target validation, and mechanistic studies. However, due to their highly dynamic nature......

• • How Does Bioinformatics Enhance Protein Sequencing

  With the exponential growth in data volume, traditional experimental methods for protein sequencing are increasingly inadequate to meet the demands of proteomics for high-throughput, precision, and multi-dimensional data analysis. From sequence identification to structural modeling, and from modification site prediction to functional annotation, bioinformatics is fundamentally transforming the workflow and efficiency of protein sequencing. This paper explores how bioinformatics empowers protein sequencing..