Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • What Is Exosome Proteomics?

  Exosomal proteomics has emerged in recent years as an active area of life science research, with growing importance in research frontiers such as cancer biomarker discovery, studies of neurological disorders, and elucidation of immune regulatory mechanisms. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released into the extracellular space upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane, typically ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter. Nearly all cell types can secrete exosomes, whi......

• • Phosphoproteomics Analysis in Cancer Research

  Protein phosphorylation is among the most prevalent post-translational modifications and plays essential roles in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor metastasis. Systematic interrogation of the phosphoproteome enables researchers to capture a global view of dysregulated kinase activity and signaling-network rewiring in cancer cells. Phosphorylation occurs primarily on serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), and tyrosine (Tyr) residues, with kinases catalyzing phosphate addi......

• • From Discovery to Biomarkers: Translating Phosphoproteomics into Clinical Applications

  Protein phosphorylation represents a central regulatory mechanism in cellular signal transduction, governing fundamental biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Aberrant phosphorylation events have been extensively implicated in cancer, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and other pathological conditions. Accordingly, systematic characterization of the dynamic landscape of phosphorylation modifications not only advances our understanding of dis......

• • SILAC vs. TMT: Comparative Analysis in Quantitative Subcellular Proteomics

  Cells are highly compartmentalized systems in which distinct subcellular organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, perform specialized biological functions. Subcellular proteomics focuses on elucidating the spatial distribution and dynamic behavior of proteins within the cellular environment and plays a critical role in advancing our understanding of signal transduction, metabolic reprogramming, disease pathogenesis, and drug target discovery. Achieving......

• • Step-by-Step LC-MS/MS Workflow for Immunopeptidomics Analysis

  As immunotherapy has become a major focus for intervention research in cancer, viral infection, and autoimmune disease, our understanding of antigen presentation has continued to deepen. In this context, immunopeptidomics has emerged as a critical bridge between molecular omics and immunology. The overarching aim of this approach is to comprehensively characterize the repertoire of peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the cell surface, peptides that can be directly......

• • The Role of Immunopeptidomics in Cancer Vaccine Development

  In cancer immunotherapy, cancer vaccines represent an important strategy for mobilizing a patient’s own immune system to eliminate tumor cells, and the field is experiencing renewed momentum. The central task in cancer vaccine development is to identify and deliver tumor-specific antigens capable of activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), thereby enabling precise cytotoxic killing of malignant cells. A major bottleneck, however, is the prioritization of antigens that are truly immunogenic and are a......

• • Guide to Immunopeptidomics Profiling: LC-MS Applications in Antigen Discovery

  With the rapid expansion of tumor immunotherapy, personalized vaccine development, and autoimmune disease research, the bar for antigen discovery has risen substantially. In the era of precision medicine, investigators increasingly need to identify antigens that are genuinely visible to the immune system, targets that are not only relevant for therapeutic intervention, but also decisive for whether an immune response can be effectively initiated. Immunopeptidomics, a mass spectrometry-driven approach ......

• • Peptidomics‑Based Antigen Discovery and Prediction

  Across immunotherapy, vaccine development, and infectious disease preparedness, the ability to pinpoint truly effective antigens represents the starting point for downstream strategy design. Genome sequencing coupled with bioinformatics prediction can rapidly generate lists of putative antigenic targets; however, two practical limitations are frequently encountered: (i) predicted candidates are not necessarily processed and presented to T cells under physiological conditions; and (ii) systematic biase......

• • What Are the Experimental Workflows in Golgi Apparatus Proteomics?

  The Golgi apparatus is a critical membranous organelle responsible for protein modification, sorting, and trafficking. Comprehensive characterization of the Golgi proteome facilitates understanding of its functional roles in the secretory pathway, glycosylation, and disease development. With advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry, Golgi proteomics has become a central strategy for investigating subcellular organelle function. Sample Preparation and Golgi Isolation 1. Selection of Sample Types ......

• • What Is Golgi Apparatus Proteomics?

  Golgi apparatus proteomics (Golgi proteomics) is the systematic application of proteomic technologies to investigate the composition, structure, function, and dynamic alterations of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. By integrating subcellular fractionation, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics methodologies, this field seeks to comprehensively define the molecular mechanisms through which the Golgi regulates cellular physiology and pathology. Golgi Apparatus Proteomics: Central Approaches for Dec......