Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • Principles of Host Cell Protein Analysis

  During the production of recombinant protein therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies, recombinant enzymes, and vaccines, host cells (commonly CHO cells, Escherichia coli, or yeast) produce large amounts of endogenous proteins. These host cell proteins (HCPs) may persist in the final drug product at concentrations as low as parts per billion (ppb), despite undergoing multiple purification steps during manufacturing, purification, and formulation. If present above acceptable thresholds or possessing......

• • A Comprehensive Workflow for 4D Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Analysis

  Quantitative proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool in life sciences and translational medicine for elucidating molecular mechanisms, identifying biomarkers, and evaluating pharmacological effects. Although labeling-based strategies can improve quantitative accuracy, they are often limited by high costs and restricted sample scalability. The 4D label-free quantitative proteomics approach, integrating ion mobility (TIMS), data-independent acquisition (DIA), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and adva......

• • What Is the Workflow for Spatial Proteomics Profiling?

  Spatial proteomics combines protein expression profiling with spatial localization information, enabling the characterization of protein distribution at tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels. This approach has been extensively applied in cancer research, neurodegenerative disease studies, immunology, and other biomedical fields. Sample Preparation: Tissue Sections as the Critical Foundation Spatial proteomics typically utilizes frozen or paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Two essential factors mus......

• • How to Ensure High Purity in Long Peptide Synthesis?

  Long peptides containing more than 30 amino acid residues often suffer from reduced coupling efficiency, sequence deletions, incomplete side-chain deprotection, and the formation of secondary structures that interfere with chain elongation. These issues significantly compromise the purity and biological activity of the final product. Therefore, achieving high-purity long peptide synthesis requires an integrated optimization across sequence design, solid-phase synthesis, purification, and quality contr......

• • TMT-based Single-cell Proteomics

  With the rapid advancement of single-cell transcriptomics and spatial omics, there is a growing need to characterize dynamic protein changes at the single-cell level. Traditional mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics typically requires thousands to tens of thousands of cells as input, thereby limiting its applicability to rare cell populations such as immune subtypes, stem cells, and circulating tumor cells. In recent years, single-cell proteomics approaches leveraging Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) multiple......

• • What Is the Workflow of Custom Modified Peptide Synthesis?

  Custom modified peptide synthesis is widely utilized in signal transduction studies, antibody development, protein–protein interaction validation, drug target discovery, and related research fields. Since natural peptides often fail to meet the specific requirements of experimental systems, researchers frequently incorporate chemical modifications, such as phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, fluorescent labeling, and biotinylation, to precisely modulate peptide functionality and molecular inter......

• • Principles of Quantitative Ubiquitinomics

  Quantitative ubiquitinomics is an advanced analytical approach that integrates high-resolution mass spectrometry with selective enrichment strategies for protein modifications. It enables systematic investigation of ubiquitination sites, their dynamic changes, and associated biological functions. The core principle of this technique is to identify and quantify ubiquitination modifications on proteins, thereby elucidating their regulatory roles in processes such as intracellular signal transduction, pr......

• • A Comprehensive Overview of Protein Acetylation: Background, Detection Methods, and Functional Implications

  Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential regulatory mechanisms enabling cells to respond to internal and external stimuli and maintain functional homeostasis. Among these, protein acetylation has emerged as a key player in epigenetic regulation, metabolic pathways, cell cycle control, and disease pathogenesis. As a highly dynamic and reversible modification, protein acetylation, alongside phosphorylation and ubiquitination, represents one of the core molecular mechanisms governing cellula......

• • Comprehensive Workflow for Host Cell Protein (HCP) Analysis: From Sample Preparation to Data Interpretation

  Host cell proteins (HCPs) are among the most prevalent process-related impurities in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. They originate from the metabolic secretion or cell lysis of production cell lines. Despite multi-step purification processes, HCPs can persist at trace levels (as low as ng/mL), potentially compromising drug safety, immunogenicity, and long-term stability. These residual proteins not only pose immunological risks, triggering allergic or immune responses, but may also compromise the st......

• • Comparative Analysis of Histone PTM Detection Techniques: Advantages and Limitations

  Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate chromatin architecture and gene expression, constituting an essential component of the "epigenetic code" involved in development, differentiation, and disease processes. Owing to their inherent complexity, characterized by numerous modification sites, diverse modification types, and frequent co-occurrence, accurate identification and quantification of PTMs impose stringent methodological requirements. Currently, mainstream detection strategies p......