Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • High-Accuracy Antibody Sequencing Using De Novo Techniques

  Introduction: Why is antibody sequencing becoming increasingly important Antibodies, as key effectors of the adaptive immune system, exhibit remarkable diversity and specificity that make them indispensable in basic research, diagnostic development, and biopharmaceutical applications. From the generation of monoclonal antibodies to the evaluation of novel vaccines and the elucidation of tumor immunotherapy mechanisms, acquiring complete antibody sequence information is a critical initial step. Convention...

• • Common Issues in De Novo Sequencing and How to Solve Them

  In proteomics and antibody-related studies, De Novo Sequencing has emerged as a powerful approach due to its independence from reference databases and its ability to reconstruct complete protein sequences. This capability makes it indispensable for applications such as antibody sequence characterization, ancient protein reconstruction, and novel antigen discovery—contexts where De Novo Sequencing is often the only viable solution. However, owing to its reliance on complex mass spectrometry data .......

• • De Novo Sequencing of Protein Drugs: Challenges and Breakthroughs

  Introduction: The “Sequence Blind Spot” of Protein Drugs With the rapid advancement of biopharmaceutical technologies, protein-based therapeutics—including monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, and recombinant enzymes—have emerged as a leading class in drug development. However, obtaining the complete sequence information of these protein drugs is a fundamental and critical task in various stages such as biosimilar development, quality consistency assessment, patent circumvention design, and .......

• • De Novo Protein Sequencing: How to Decode Unknown Proteins?

  In proteomics, clinical sample analysis, and studies involving non-model organisms, researchers increasingly face a recurring challenge: peptide fragments identified through mass spectrometry fail to match any known entries in existing databases. These sequences, termed “unknown proteins” or “orphan peptides,” may originate from: Previously unannotated proteins; Novel splice variants; Pathogen-derived, tumor-specific, or exogenously expressed proteins; Sequence deviations introduced by post-translational...

• • How to Use De Novo Sequencing for Antibody Structure Analysis?

  De Novo sequencing refers to determining amino acid sequences directly from protein samples based on MS/MS fragment ion data acquired using high-resolution mass spectrometry, without relying on any reference databases. The core of this technique lies in digesting the protein into numerous short peptides that collectively cover the full sequence, interpreting the corresponding fragment spectra with specialized algorithms, and assembling these sequences to reconstruct the full-length light and heavy chains...

• • Application of AQUA Technology in Protein Research

  With life science research increasingly shifting toward precision and quantitative analysis, the importance of proteins as functional biomolecules has become more pronounced. Whether investigating disease mechanisms or developing therapeutic strategies, the accurate determination of protein expression levels and their dynamic changes is a critical prerequisite for scientific discovery. AQUA (Absolute Quantification), an absolute quantification mass spectrometry method based on stable isotope-labeled........

• • Applications and Challenges of SILAC Labeling in Quantitative Proteomics

  In quantitative proteomics, the ability to accurately and reproducibly measure protein abundance changes across different samples is crucial for uncovering underlying biological mechanisms. Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC), a well-established metabolic labeling technique, introduces heavy isotope-labeled amino acids during cell growth, enabling high-precision and systematic quantification of proteins. This paper discusses the applications of SILAC in quantitative proteomics....

• • iTRAQ Quantification Technology: Principles, Advantages, and Applications

  In proteomics research, the accurate and sensitive comparison of protein abundance across different samples is crucial for elucidating underlying biological mechanisms. iTRAQ (Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation), a mass spectrometry-based multiplex quantification technique, has become a pivotal tool in life sciences due to its high throughput, precision, and wide applicability. This paper systematically introduces the principles, key advantages, and major applications of iTRAQ technology.

• • Applications of LC-MS in Quantitative Proteomics

  Proteomics, a critical branch of life sciences, aims to comprehensively elucidate the expression, modification, and interactions of proteins within cells, tissues, or organisms. Quantitative proteomics further advances biomedical research, drug discovery, and the investigation of disease mechanisms. Among the analytical techniques employed, Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has emerged as a central tool in quantitative proteomics due to its high sensitivity, high throughput, and extensive..

• • Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis: Principles and Applications

  In the post-genomic era, quantitative proteomics has become an essential tool for deciphering the complexity of biological systems, elucidating disease mechanisms, and identifying biomarkers. Among various approaches, mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics stands out due to its high sensitivity, large throughput, and accurate quantification, making it widely applicable in both basic research and biopharmaceutical development. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles.......