Chemical Adduct Site Determination Service

Chemical adducts are formed when chemical molecules react with biomacromolecules such as proteins. These modifications can result from covalent reactions including electrophilic or nucleophilic addition, or from non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. In biological systems, drug metabolites, environmental toxins, and endogenous molecules can create adducts with proteins, altering their structure and function.

 

Accurate site identification provides critical insights into toxicity mechanisms, supports disease progression research, guides drug safety evaluation, and informs new drug development. MtoZ Biolabs offers Chemical Adduct Site Determination Service using advanced mass spectrometry platforms and extensive expertise, delivering systematic and reliable adduct site mapping for both academic and industry clients.

 



Behl, T. et al. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021.

Figure 1. LC-MS-Based Identification of Chemical Adducts

 

Services at MtoZ Biolabs

Through the Chemical Adduct Site Determination Service, MtoZ Biolabs provides comprehensive solutions from adduct confirmation to site-level localization and functional interpretation.

● Covalent Adduct Mapping: LC-MS/MS and ESI-TOF-MS detect mass shifts and fragmentation patterns to pinpoint binding residues such as cysteine, lysine, or serine.

● Non-covalent Adduct Mapping: HDX-MS, XL-MS, and covalent labeling MS reveal conformational and accessibility changes to infer binding regions.

● Specialized Adduct Detection: LC-ICP-MS identifies metal adducts (e.g., mercury binding to hemoglobin), while FT-MS detects drug adducts (e.g., cisplatin) through characteristic ions and binding site localization.

 

Why Choose MtoZ Biolabs?

✔ Advanced Analytical Platforms: Equipped with Orbitrap Fusion Lumos, Q Exactive HF, TOF-MS, FT-MS, and other high-resolution mass spectrometers to ensure precise detection.

✔ Flexible Analytical Strategies: Customized workflows tailored to different adduct types and research needs, covering both covalent and non-covalent site mapping.

✔ Multidimensional Validation: Integration of mass spectrometry results with structural biology, molecular modeling, and functional assays ensures reliable and interpretable conclusions.

✔ Broad Sample Compatibility: Applicable to diverse sample types, from recombinant proteins to complex biological matrices such as cells, tissues, blood, and biofluids.

✔ Comprehensive Data Reporting: Deliverables include intuitive spectra, site annotations, functional predictions, and pathway analysis to help clients quickly interpret and apply results.

 

Sample Submission Suggestions

·  Accepted samples: Purified proteins, complexes, cell lysates, tissue extracts, serum, plasma.

·  Required amounts: ≥50 μg at ≥0.8 μg/μL for purified proteins; ≥1 mg at ≥1 μg/μL for mixtures.

·  Storage: Store at –80°C, ship on dry ice, avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Note: Provide details on sample collection and handling. If you need further details, our technical support team is happy to assist and provide comprehensive guidance on sample submission.

 

Applications

The Chemical Adduct Site Determination Service delivers critical value across multiple research and industrial fields:

Drug Development and Safety Assessment: Identify adduct sites of drugs and metabolites to evaluate pharmacological properties and potential toxicity.

Environmental and Toxicology Studies: Detect adduct modifications formed by environmental exposures to uncover underlying toxicity mechanisms.

Disease Onset and Progression: Investigate the role of adduct modifications in chronic diseases and signaling pathway regulation to support mechanistic insights.

Structural Analysis and Biomarker Discovery: Integrate mass spectrometry with structural biology to model adduct-protein complexes and identify potential disease or exposure biomarkers.


Chemical adduct site determination plays a vital role in revealing toxicity mechanisms, advancing drug development, and exploring disease progression. Leveraging high-resolution mass spectrometry platforms, standardized workflows, and an experienced scientific team, MtoZ Biolabs delivers high-quality and reproducible adduct site analysis. By choosing the Chemical Adduct Site Determination Service, you gain comprehensive insights into chemical adduct–protein interactions, accelerating both scientific research and translational applications.