What Are the Enzymes in Protein Glycosylation Pathways?
Protein glycosylation includes two main types: N-linked glycosylation and O-linked glycosylation, each involving different enzymes.
N-Linked Glycosylation
1. Glycosyltransferases
Transfer sugar units from a donor to specific amino acid residues on proteins.
2. Deglycosylating Enzymes
Such as PNGase F, which removes glycans from proteins.
3. Peptidoglycan Transferases
Assist in adding sugars to proteins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
O-Linked Glycosylation
1. Glycan Synthases
Facilitate O-linked glycan formation.
2. O-Glycosyltransferases
Help add sugar chains to amino acid residues.
3. Peptidoglycan Synthases
Involved in the early stages of O-linked glycosylation.
After initial glycosylation, both pathways undergo further modifications, including trimming, restructuring, and glycan elongation by enzymes such as peptidoglycanases, mannosidases, and others.
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