Normal Ranges for Quantitative Determination of Immunoglobulins
Quantitative determination of immunoglobulins is a standard method for assessing serum concentrations of immunoglobulin isotypes, including IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD. This assay is widely used to evaluate an individual’s immunological status. The normal ranges for quantitative determination of immunoglobulins may vary depending on age and health condition. The following ranges represent typical values observed in healthy adults; however, it is important to note that specific reference intervals may differ slightly between laboratories due to methodological variations:
1. IgG
Typical adult reference range: approximately 700–1600 mg/dL.
2. IgA
Typical adult reference range: 70–400 mg/dL.
3. IgM
Typical adult reference range: 40–230 mg/dL.
4. IgE
Typical adult reference range: 0–100 IU/mL. However, IgE concentrations may vary considerably due to individual hypersensitivity responses to allergens.
5. IgD
Owing to its very low serum concentration, IgD is not routinely measured in clinical practice, and well-defined reference ranges are seldom reported. Nonetheless, its inclusion in the normal ranges for quantitative determination of immunoglobulins may be relevant in certain specialized diagnostic settings.
In pediatric and adolescent populations, immunoglobulin levels are age-dependent. Notably, IgG and IgA concentrations are lower during early childhood and gradually increase to reach adult levels with age. In contrast, IgM levels are relatively elevated at birth and subsequently decline. Therefore, the normal ranges for quantitative determination of immunoglobulins in children require age-specific interpretation to ensure clinical accuracy.
Abnormal immunoglobulin levels may suggest a range of pathological conditions, including primary or secondary immunodeficiencies, autoimmune disorders, infections, or hematologic malignancies. Quantitative determination of immunoglobulins thus serves as an essential diagnostic and monitoring tool in clinical immunology. Interpretation of results should take into account the individual's overall health status, age, sex, as well as potential environmental and genetic influences to ensure accurate assessment within the normal ranges for quantitative determination of immunoglobulins.
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