Metabolomics FAQ
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• Have You Conducted Experiments on the Extraction of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides?
Principal component analysis is a method to reduce data to its main features, while factor analysis is used to find the unobservable latent factors hidden behind the data.Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) play an important role in bacterial survival and pathogenicity. The extraction of bacterial exopolysaccharides usually includes the following steps: Cultivation of Bacteria First, the target bacteria are cultured in a suitable medium, usually with shaking incubation to increase oxygen supply, which is....
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• How Can S-Plots Be Used to Select Variables with p < 0.05 in PLS-DA/OPLS-DA Analysis?
When applying S-plots to identify variables with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) from PLS-DA (Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis) or OPLS-DA (Orthogonal PLS-DA) models, the following workflow is recommended: Model Construction Begin by conducting PLS-DA or OPLS-DA modeling using an appropriate statistical software package or computational environment, such as R, MATLAB, or Python. S-Plot Generation Based on the established model, generate an S-plot using the available analytical...
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• How Should a Q² Value of 1 Be Addressed in PLS-DA/OPLS-DA Analysis?
In the fields of chemometrics and bioinformatics, PLS-DA (Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis) and OPLS-DA (Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis) are widely applied for classification and prediction tasks. In such analyses, the Q² value is commonly employed as a cross-validated metric to assess the model's predictive performance. The theoretical range of Q² typically spans from –1 to 1, where a value of 1 denotes perfect predictive ability, 0 suggests no improvement.....
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• Is There a Defined Protocol for Dissolving Ganoderma Polysaccharides in DMSO?
Ganoderma polysaccharides are biologically active compounds extracted from Ganoderma species, typically obtained in solid form. These polysaccharides are of significant interest in studies of biological activity and pharmaceutical development. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is among the commonly used solvents for their dissolution. The following outlines a stepwise protocol for dissolving Ganoderma polysaccharides in DMSO: Sample Preparation Lyophilize the polysaccharide solution to obtain a dry sample, then....
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• Is Purification Essential for Accurate Molecular Weight Determination of Polysaccharides?
The determination of polysaccharide molecular weight does not always require prior purification; however, purification can markedly enhance the accuracy and reliability of the measurements. Impurities present in polysaccharide samples—such as proteins, other polysaccharides, salts, and small molecules—may interfere with the analytical process and result in inaccurate molecular weight determinations. Nonetheless, purification is not strictly mandatory, as certain techniques allow molecular weight analysis to
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To evaluate α-glucosidase activity after polysaccharide extraction, the following stepwise experimental protocol is employed: Preparation of the Reaction Mixture Prepare a solution of the α-glucosidase substrate, such as p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG). Combine the substrate solution with a measured amount of the polysaccharide sample. Addition of the Enzyme Solution Introduce a defined volume of α-glucosidase solution into the reaction mixture. Incubation Incubate the reaction mixture under ......
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• Is Dialysis Necessary During Polysaccharide Extraction?
Yes, dialysis—often conducted under running water—is typically employed during the polysaccharide extraction process. This step is essential for removing low-molecular-weight impurities, such as salts, small organic compounds, and low-molecular-weight proteins, that may be introduced or remain after extraction. In addition, dialysis facilitates the purification and concentration of the polysaccharide samples, thereby enhancing their overall purity and quality. The selection of an appropriate dialysis.......
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• How Can Protein-Polysaccharide Complexes Be Removed Using Papain
The following steps outline a detailed protocol for the removal of protein-polysaccharide complexes (glycoprotein-like substances) using papain, which may serve as a reference for your experimental design: Sample Preparation Ensure that the concentration of protein-polysaccharide complexes in the sample is appropriate for enzymatic treatment, as excessively high or low concentrations may compromise the efficiency of enzymatic degradation. Selection of Buffer Use a buffer system that supports papain.........
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• What Is the Specific Protocol for the Extraction of Fungal Cell Wall Polysaccharides?
The extraction of fungal cell wall polysaccharides typically involves several sequential steps: cultivation and harvesting of fungal biomass, isolation of the cell wall, extraction of polysaccharides from the wall material, and purification of the extracted polysaccharides. Depending on the fungal species, additional specific treatments may be required to ensure efficient and complete recovery of polysaccharides. Here, we present a detailed protocol using a commonly studied fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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• Why Has Single-Cell Sequencing Predominantly Focused on Plant Reproductive Cells and Roots?
Contrary to common perception, single-cell sequencing is not inherently restricted to plant reproductive cells and roots. These cell types have been extensively studied because they play essential roles in plant development and environmental adaptation. Additionally, reproductive cells and root tissues are often more amenable to processing and sequencing compared to other plant parts. Nevertheless, the application of single-cell sequencing in plant systems has been relatively limited and delayed, primarily.
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