Expression Proteomics
Expression proteomics, a vital branch of proteomics, investigates protein expression dynamics in cells, tissues, and body fluids. By quantifying protein expression profiles under various physiological and pathological conditions, it provides essential insights into disease mechanisms, drug development, biomarker discovery, and precision medicine. Compared to genomics, expression proteomics offers a more direct representation of an organism’s functional state, as proteins are the primary executors of cellular functions. Their expression is regulated by multiple factors, including transcriptional control, translational efficiency, post-translational modifications, and degradation pathways. Consequently, gene expression analyses alone are insufficient to capture protein-level changes, whereas expression proteomics enables a more comprehensive understanding of biological regulatory networks.
Research Strategies in Expression Proteomics
Expression proteomics primarily aims to quantify protein abundance and compare differential expression across conditions. Two major approaches are employed:
1. Non-Targeted Proteomics
Utilizing data-dependent (DDA) or data-independent acquisition (DIA), this high-throughput mass spectrometry-based strategy aims to identify and quantify as many proteins as possible within a sample. It is particularly useful for discovering novel biomarkers and elucidating complex biological processes.
2. Targeted Proteomics
Methods such as selected reaction monitoring (SRM) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) enable precise quantification of preselected target proteins. This approach is widely applied in biomarker validation and the investigation of key proteins in specific signaling pathways.
Furthermore, stable isotope labeling strategies (e.g., SILAC and dimethyl labeling) and label-based quantification techniques facilitate multiplexed protein quantification in a single mass spectrometry experiment, improving analytical efficiency.
Experimental Workflow of Expression Proteomics
A typical expression proteomics workflow consists of sample preparation, protein extraction, enzymatic digestion, fractionation, mass spectrometry analysis, and data processing. Each step is critical for ensuring reliable protein identification and quantification.
By leveraging cutting-edge mass spectrometry technologies and robust analytical pipelines, MtoZ Biolabs offers comprehensive expression proteomics solutions, delivering high-throughput, high-precision protein quantification for biomedical research.
MtoZ Biolabs, an integrated chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) services provider.
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