Are There Differences in Proteomics Between Serum and Plasma
In proteomics research, blood samples, including serum and plasma, are widely used biological specimens. Although both are derived from blood, they exhibit key differences in biochemical composition, biological function, and applications in proteomics studies.
Definition of Serum and Plasma
Plasma is the liquid component of blood that remains after most red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets have been removed. It contains a variety of dissolved electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and metabolic waste products. Serum, on the other hand, is the fluid portion of blood that remains after coagulation and the removal of fibrin and cellular components.
Differences in Biochemical Composition
A primary distinction between serum and plasma lies in the presence of coagulation factors. Plasma retains approximately 60 different coagulation factors, whereas serum lacks these proteins due to their consumption during the clotting process. Consequently, plasma generally exhibits a higher total protein concentration than serum.
Differences in Applications in Proteomics Research
The selection between serum and plasma in proteomics research depends on the study objective. Plasma is often preferred for investigating coagulation and inflammatory processes, as it contains key proteins involved in these pathways. In contrast, serum is more suitable for biomarker discovery, as the absence of coagulation factors minimizes potential interference in protein detection and quantification.
Differences in Sample Processing
Sample processing differs between serum and plasma. Plasma is collected using anticoagulants to prevent clotting, preserving coagulation factors in the sample. In contrast, serum is obtained by allowing blood to clot naturally, followed by centrifugation to separate the liquid fraction, making the processing relatively straightforward.
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