Advances in Proteomics

Proteins are the direct executors of physiological functions, and studying their structure and function helps elucidate the mechanisms of changes under physiological or pathological conditions. Research on protein post-translational modifications, interactions, and conformations relies on direct protein studies. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of life's complex activities necessitates studying proteins at a holistic, dynamic, and network level.

 

 

Proteomics Research Methods

 

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-mass spectrometry is a commonly used technology platform. The process includes sample preparation, 2D-PAGE separation, mass spectrometry analysis, and protein identification. Sample preparation is critical and affects 2D-PAGE results. The diversity and complexity of biological samples limit the sample preparation methods.

 

 

Low-abundance proteins are of great interest in research. These samples can be enriched through chromatography or isoelectric point properties. Mass spectrometry is the core technology in proteomics research. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) are commonly used techniques.

 

 

Future Outlook

 

The complexity of the proteome far exceeds that of the genome. The throughput, sensitivity, and scalability of two-dimensional electrophoresis need enhancement. There is increasing international focus on chromatography/electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based technology platforms. The development of new separation technologies and high-throughput, high-precision protein interaction detection techniques is garnering attention. Additionally, the application of protein chips in clinical diagnostics is rapidly growing.