What Is GEM and What Role Does It Play in 10x Genomics Single-Cell Sequencing?
In 10x Genomics single-cell sequencing, GEM (Gel Bead-in-Emulsion) is a critical component, consisting of gel beads encapsulated within microdroplets (emulsions). This technology represents a core step in the workflow, enabling the isolation of individual cells and the capture of their mRNA.
Each gel bead is preloaded with synthetic oligonucleotide probes, which contain a unique cell barcode, a UMI (Unique Molecular Identifier), and a poly-A tail. When a single cell and a gel bead are co-encapsulated within a water-in-oil emulsion, the cell lyses, releasing mRNA that hybridizes to the oligonucleotide probes on the gel bead. This step ensures that every captured mRNA molecule is uniquely labeled with a cell-specific barcode and UMI, facilitating precise identification of its cell of origin during subsequent data analysis.
GEM technology is indispensable to the success of 10x Genomics single-cell sequencing. It enables the high-throughput analysis of thousands of individual cells at single-cell resolution, offering unprecedentedly detailed insights into the complexity and heterogeneity of biological systems.
MtoZ Biolabs, an integrated chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) services provider.
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