Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • Protein Identification

  Proteins are among the most crucial biomolecules in living organisms, playing a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Identifying and analyzing protein properties is essential for understanding biological functions and disease mechanisms. There are numerous methods for protein identification and analysis, ranging from traditional methods like burning and chemical reactions to modern mass spectrometry techniques.

• • Protein Analysis

  Proteins are fundamental to life, performing a wide range of functions and exhibiting complex structures. To gain a deeper understanding of proteins, analyzing their properties is crucial in molecular biology and biochemistry. This article discusses key aspects of protein property analysis, including electrophoresis analysis, isoelectric focusing, electrophoresis pattern analysis, mass spectrometry analysis, and protein structure elucidation.

• • The Sample Requirements of Protein Mass Spectrometry

  Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique that provides detailed information about protein composition, structure, and modifications. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results, the sample requirements are relatively strict and must meet the following criteria.

• • Mass Spectrometry Phosphorylation

  Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification catalyzed by protein kinases and phosphatases, and it plays important roles in many cellular processes, such as: regulating protein stability, modulating protein activity, participating in cell signaling.

• • Proteomic Mass Spectrometry Technology

  Protein is the main executor of biological activities, and the expression and abundance of proteins are closely related to the physiological status and health of organisms. The types, structures, quantities, and modification states of proteins directly affect various functions of organisms. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the structure and function of proteins, protein mass spectrometry technology has emerged.

• • How to Identify Small Molecule Peptides?

  Peptides are a class of compounds with molecular structures between amino acids and proteins. They are composed of 20 naturally occurring amino acids arranged in different compositions and sequences, ranging from dipeptides to complex linear or cyclic structures. Peptides composed of 2 to 10 amino acids are called oligopeptides or small peptides, with an average molecular weight of 128 Da. Therefore, the molecular weight of oligopeptides is generally below 1000 Da.

• • Protein Quantification Measured by Mass Spectrometry

  Protein is the foundation for maintaining health in the human body. It is not only an essential substance for life, but also an important element in promoting normal physiological and biochemical reactions and maintaining the normal functioning of life. With the improvement of people's living standards, more and more people are supplementing their nutrition by ingesting protein.

• • How to Detect Protein Phosphorylation?

  Protein phosphorylation is the most common and extensively studied post-translational modification in biological organisms. This process involves the transfer of a γ-phosphate group from ATP or GTP to the amino acid residues of substrate proteins, under the catalytic action of protein kinases. It affects the function of over one-third of proteins in human cells.

• • BCA Assay Measures Protein Content

  BCA (Bicinchoninic Acid, Sodium Salt of 2,2'-Biquinoline-4,4'-Dicarboxylic Acid) is a pale yellow powder that is hygroscopic and easily soluble in water or ethanol. BCA forms a stable water-soluble complex that highly specifically binds with Cu+ to produce a purple complex. This complex has a maximum absorbance at 562nm and is directly proportional to the protein concentration. Protein content refers to the total mass or quantity of proteins in a sample, which can be determined using the BCA method.

• • Forward and Reverse Actions in High-Performance Liquid Chromatog

  High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) can be either Normal Phase HPLC or Reverse Phase HPLC, depending on the nature of the chromatographic column and mobile phase. In Normal Phase HPLC, the stationary phase of the chromatographic column is polar (such as silica gel), while the mobile phase is nonpolar or moderately polar solvent. In this setup, polar molecules have longer retention times in the column because they have stronger interactions with the polar stationary phase.