Mass Spec Sequencing
Mass spec sequencing is a method used to determine the sequences of biological macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, by measuring their molecular mass. This technique enhances our understanding of biomolecular functions. The core principle involves ionizing the sample before analysis with a mass spectrometer, where ions are examined based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). In proteomics, mass spec sequencing facilitates the identification of protein amino acid sequences, which aids in understanding protein functions, interactions, and modifications. It also allows researchers to detect proteins with abnormal expressions in cancer cells, providing new targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In metabolomics, this method analyzes changes in metabolites within biological samples, providing insights into metabolic processes and disease mechanisms. By examining patient proteomic and metabolomic profiles, clinicians can diagnose diseases more accurately and develop tailored treatment strategies.
Main Types
1. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)
In MALDI-TOF MS, biological samples are mixed with an excess of matrix to form co-crystals. A laser irradiates these samples, causing the matrix to absorb energy and facilitate the ionization of biomolecules. The ions are then accelerated into a time-of-flight tube, where their mass-to-charge ratio is determined by their flight time. This method is noted for its high sensitivity and throughput, making it suitable for determining molecular weights and preliminary sequence analysis of macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids.
2. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS)
ESI-MS involves passing a sample solution through a high electric field capillary, forming charged droplets that eventually yield gaseous ions as the solvent evaporates. This technique generates multiply charged ions, enabling the analysis of large biomolecules. ESI-MS can be coupled with liquid chromatography for the separation and sequencing analysis of complex biological samples.
Mass Spec Sequencing Process
1. Sample Preparation
Samples undergo extraction, purification, and concentration to ensure their quality and integrity.
2. Ionization
Ionization methods, such as electrospray or laser desorption, convert samples into charged ions.
3. Mass Analysis
Ions are separated based on their mass-to-charge ratio by the mass analyzer in the mass spectrometer.
4. Data Processing
Specialized software is used to analyze and quantify the mass spectrometry data.
Mass spec sequencing offers high sensitivity and resolution, detecting trace components and allowing for the simultaneous identification and quantification of various constituents in complex samples. Its applications span from fundamental research to clinical settings. MtoZ Biolabs offers comprehensive mass spec sequencing services, supported by experienced professionals. We ensure precise and reliable data, aiding research in proteomics, metabolomics, and drug development. MtoZ Biolabs is eager to collaborate with you.
MtoZ Biolabs, an integrated chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) services provider.
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