Lipoxygenase Product Analysis Service
Lipoxygenase is a family of non-heme, iron-containing enzymes. Most of the enzyme catalyzes the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids with cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene into cell signaling agents. These signaling molecules play various roles: they act as autocrine signals to regulate their parent cells, paracrine signals to regulate nearby cells, and endocrine signals to regulate distant cells. Human proteins expressed by the lipoxygenase family include ALOX12, ALOX12B, ALOX15, ALOX15B, ALOX5, and ALOXE3. Although humans possess the ALOX12P2 gene, which is an ortholog of the Alox12P gene in mice, the human ALOX12P2 gene is a pseudogene and thus does not produce the ALOX12P2 protein.
Lipoxygenases share similarities in genetic structure and dioxygenase activity. However, one member, ALOXE3, although having the genetic structure of a lipoxygenase, exhibits relatively low dioxygenation activity. Instead, its primary function appears to be an isomerasewhich catalyzes hydroperoxy unsaturated fatty acids into their 1,5-epoxide, hydroxyl derivatives.
Lipoxygenases are found in plants, fungi, and animals. A few proteins with approximately 20% amino acid sequence similarity to lipoxygenases are present in archaea, but these proteins lack the iron-binding residues required for lipoxygenase activity.
Lipoxygenases are most common in plants, where they are involved in various physiological processes, including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence. In mammals, many lipoxygenasesisozymes are involved in the metabolism of eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and non-classical eicosanoids. Two lipoxygenases can work in tandem to produce dihydroxy or trihydroxy products, whose activities differ from those of lipoxygenase products. This tandem metabolism can occur in different cell types, with each type expressing only one of the two lipoxygenases in a process known as transcellular metabolism. For example, ALOX5 and ALOX15 or ALOX5 and ALOX12 can work serially to metabolize arachidonic acid into lipoxins, while ALOX15 and possibly ALOX15B can collaborate with ALOX5 to metabolize eicosapentaenoic acid into resolvin D's.
MtoZ Biolabs Offers Analysis of the Following Lipoxygenase Products
1. 5-HETE
2. 12-HETE
3. 15-HETE
4. 11-HETE
5. 5,6-DiHETE
6. 17-Hydroxy-DHA
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