Biopharmaceutic Characterization FAQ

• • Determination of Soluble Protein Content

  Determining protein content is a routine operation in biological and biochemical laboratories. Below is an outline of the method for determining the soluble protein content in a solution: Sample Preparation 1. Take a certain amount of biological sample, such as cells or tissues. 2. Use an appropriate buffer to homogenize or lyse the sample. 3. Centrifuge the lysate and collect the supernatant, which contains soluble proteins. Protein Concentration Measurement 1. Common methods include Bradford, Lowry.......

• • What Could Cause Black Clumped Material in TEM Imaging

  In transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, the appearance of black clumped material can have multiple causes. Here are some common reasons for your reference: 1. Sample Preparation Issues (1) Residual Stains Staining agents may not have been fully washed away during the staining process, causing residual stains to form black clumps in the background. (2) Incomplete Drying If the sample was not fully dried during preparation, solvent residues may remain, leading to black clumps. (3) Fixative Issues..

• • What Could the Peak at Around 0.9 ppm in Proton NMR Represent

  In NMR, the chemical shift around 0.9 ppm is typically associated with alkyl hydrogen atoms. More specifically, signals in this region are generally related to hydrogen atoms of methyl (CH3) groups, especially those located at the ends of saturated alkyl chains. Here are some common structures that might appear at the 0.9 ppm position: 1. Terminal Methyl Hydrogens In saturated alkanes like hexadecane, decane, etc., the terminal methyl group (-CH3) typically shows a peak in the 0.8 to 1.0 ppm region of the..

• • What Do Ratio, DL, and BEC Mean in ICP-MS Trace Element Analysis

  In ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) trace element analysis, "Ratio," "DL," and "BEC" are key terms. Below are their definitions: 1. Ratio In ICP-MS analysis, the ratio typically refers to the signal of a specific element in a sample relative to the signal of an internal standard. The internal standard is an element of known concentration added to all samples and standards to correct for potential signal fluctuations during sample preparation or analysis. Using ratios helps minimize.....

• • What Are the Advantages of Biologics Over Chemical Small Molecule Drugs, and What Are the Challenges in Their Development?

  Biologics offer several distinct advantages compared to chemical small molecule drugs, although there are also significant challenges associated with their development.   Advantages 1. High Specificity Biologics typically exhibit strong specificity, allowing them to target particular pathological molecules, such as proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides, which enables more precise therapeutic intervention.   2. Reduced Toxicity Due to their high specificity, biologics generally minimize their effects......

• • In What Is DTNB Dissolved? Is the Solution Neutral or Alkaline During Thiol Group Testing?

  DTNB (5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), commonly referred to as Ellman's reagent) is typically dissolved in ethanol or water. During thiol group testing, the reaction of DTNB usually takes place in a near-neutral or slightly alkaline environment. This pH range is optimal because it enhances the reactivity of the thiol group with DTNB.   MtoZ Biolabs, an integrated chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) services provider. Related Services Free Sulfhydryl Quantification Service