Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • Considerations for Detecting Phosphorylated Proteins Using Western Blot

  Protein Phosphorylation Detection using Western Blot (WB) is a widely utilized technique in biological research for evaluating protein levels and modifications. Key considerations during the detection process include sample processing, the selection of specific antibodies, the choice of control samples, signal detection, and result interpretation.

• • Detection of the Isoelectric Point of Glycoproteins

  Glycoproteins are ubiquitous in living organisms and are complex macromolecules composed of proteins and carbohydrate moieties. The isoelectric point (pI) of a glycoprotein is the pH at which the molecule is electrically neutral in solution. This pI is typically determined through isoelectric focusing (IEF), an electrophoretic technique performed along a pH gradient. Proteins migrate through this gradient and cease movement upon reaching their pI due to the neutralization of their net charge, allowing for..

• • How Many Cells Are Needed for Glycosylation Mass Spectrometry Analysis

  The number of cells required for glycosylation mass spectrometry analysis is contingent on cell type and the sensitivity of the analysis technique. Past studies typically necessitate millions to billions of cells to obtain a sufficient quantity of glycosylated proteins. The procedures for this analysis encompass cell culture, cryopreservation, cell lysis, and protein extraction. Researchers are advised to thoroughly review pertinent experimental protocols relative to their specific experimental objectives..

• • Protein Post-Translational Modification Mass Spectrometry Results Analysis

  Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) of proteins occur after translation, involving enzymatic addition or removal of chemical groups such as phosphate, acetyl groups, uridylic acid, and glycosyl groups. These modifications significantly influence protein stability, activity, and functionality. Mass spectrometry serves as a fundamental tool for the analysis of protein PTMs, and the analysis of mass spectrometry data comprises several steps:

• • Detection of Protein Oxidation Stress Modifications

  Protein oxidative stress modifications represent a critical mechanism by which biological systems respond to various biological and environmental stresses. Assessing these modifications provides insight into the organism's health and disease progression, facilitating understanding of the adaptive mechanisms to environmental changes and aiding in the development and optimization of disease prevention and treatment strategies.

• • Are Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins Reversible

  Reversible posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, are regulated by specific enzymes that add or remove these chemical groups during cellular physiological processes, thereby ensuring their reversibility. In contrast, irreversible modifications, including glycosylation, lipidation, and methylation, typically alter protein structure and function permanently, as they cannot be removed once established.

• • Palmitoylation Proteomics

  Palmitoylation is a critical post-translational modification in which a palmitoyl group (a 16-carbon fatty acid) is covalently attached to specific amino acid residues, such as cysteine, within proteins. Palmitoylation: The primary function of palmitoylation is to enhance protein hydrophobicity, thereby promoting membrane association. This modification is essential for the correct localization and function of various proteins, including signaling proteins, membrane receptors, and cytoskeletal components.

• • Lowry Method for Protein Content Measurement

  The Lowry method is a widely adopted technique for quantifying protein concentration, initially introduced by Lowry et al. in 1951. The method is premised on the reaction of proteins with copper ions in an alkaline medium, followed by an oxidation-reduction reaction with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, resulting in a color change. The intensity of the resultant color is directly proportional to the protein concentration and can be quantified using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 750 nm.

• • Phosphoproteome Sequencing of Plants

  Phosphoproteomics sequencing in plants is an important method to study the molecular mechanisms of plant responses to environmental changes by analyzing the phosphorylation modifications of plant proteins. Through phosphoproteomics sequencing, the degree of protein phosphorylation under specific conditions can be quantitatively analyzed, thereby investigating its function and regulatory mechanisms.

• • Can Mass Spectrometry Detect Types of Protein Modifications

  Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technique for detecting and quantifying proteins and their post-translational modifications in biological samples. In mass spectra, modified peptides exhibit distinct mass-to-charge ratios compared to their unmodified counterparts. Analyzing these differences allows for the identification of modification sites and enables the inference of both the type and extent of modifications.